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Êóí, Òîìàñ Ñýìþýë "Ñòðóêòóðà íàó÷íûõ ðåâîëþöèé"
Êóí, Òîìàñ. Ñòðóêòóðà íàó÷íûõ ðåâîëþöèé /Ò.Êóí; ïåðåâîä ñ àíãë. È.Ç. Íàë¸òîâà; îáù.ðåä è ïîñëåñëîâèå Ë.À.Ìàðêîâîé. Ì.: "Ïðîãðåññ", 1975. 288 ñòð. (ëîãèêà è ìåòîäîëîãèÿ íàóêè). 2-å èçäàíèå, Ì.: "Ïðîãðåññ", 1977. Ññûëêà èçäàòåëüñòâà íà àíãëîÿçû÷íûé òåêñò: The structure of scientific revolutions. T.S. Khun, Chicago, 1970.

Àâòîðñêèé êîä: K91


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Ðåöåíçèÿ

[ ... ]

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Ñîäåðæàíèå Ñì. òàêæå çäåñü
  1. Ââåäåíèå. Ðîëü èñòîðèè. Ñì.
  2. Íà ïóòè ê íîðìàëüíîé íàóêå Ñì.
  3. Ïðèðîäà íîðìàëüíîé íàóêè Ñì.
  4. Íîðìàëüíàÿ íàóêà êàê ðåøåíèå ãîëîâîëîìîê Ñì.
  5. Ïðèîðèòåò ïàðàäèãì Ñì.
  6. Àíîìàëèÿ è âîçíèêíîâåíèå íàó÷íûõ îòêðûòèé Ñì.
  7. Êðèçèñ è âîçíèêíîâåíèå íàó÷íûõ òåîðèé Ñì.
  8. Ðåàêöèÿ íà êðèçèñ Ñì.
  9. Ïðèðîäà è íåîáõîäèìîñòü íàó÷íûõ ðåâîëþöèé Ñì.
  10. Ðåâîëþöèÿ êàê èçìåíåíèå âçãëÿäà íà ìèð Ñì.
  11. Íåðàçëè÷èìîñòü ðåâîëþöèé Ñì.
  12. Ðàçðåøåíèå ðåâîëþöèé Ñì.
  13. Ïðîãðåññ, êîòîðûé íåñóò ðåâîëþöèè Ñì.


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Òåðìèíîëîãè÷åñêèå ñëîâàðè, ðåôåðàòû, êîììåíòàðèè è äð. ìàòåðèàëû

ÑËÎÂÀÐÜ (1) ÑËÎÂÀÐÜ (2)  


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Ññûëêè

Cñûëêè ïî ãëàâàì (ñîõðàíåíà àâòîðñêàÿ íóìåðàöèÿ ïî ãëàâàì)
[Àâòîðñêèé òåêñò â ññûëêàõ èñêëþ÷¸í, ïðèìå÷àíèÿ àâòîðà è ïåðåâîä÷èêà áåç ëèòåðàòóðíûõ ññûëîê èñêëþ÷åíû.]

Ê ãë. 1 Ññûëîê íåò. Ñì.: http://n-d.by.ru/read/kun/01.html

Ê ãë. 2 Ñì.: http://n-d.by.ru/read/kun/02.html

1. J. Priestley. The History and Present State of Discoveries Relating to Vision, Light and Colours. London, 1772, p. 385—390.

2. V. Rînñhi. Histoire de la lumiere. Paris, 1956, chaps. I—IV.

3. D. Roller and D. H. D. Roller. The Development of the Concept of Electric Charge: Electricity from the Greeks to Coulomb (“Harvard Case Histories in Experimental Science”, Case 8, Cambridge, Mass., 1954); I. Â. Ñîhen. Franklin and Newton: An Inquiry into Speculative Newtonian Experimental Science and Franklin's Work in Electricity as an Example Thereof. Philadelphia, 1956, chaps VII—XII.
Ò. S. Kuhn. The Function of Dogma in Scientific Research, in: A. C. Crombie (ed.). “Symposium on the History of Science”. University of Oxford, July 9—15, 1961. Heinemann Educational Books, Ltd.

4. Ô. Áýêîí. Ñî÷. â 2-õ òîìàõ. “Ìûñëü”, Ì., 1972, ò. 2.

5. D. Roller and D. H. Roller. Op. cit., p. 14, 22, 28, 43. ñòð. 43

6. Ô. Áýêîí. Ñî÷., ò. 2, ñòð. 212. : Ì. Clagett. Giovanni Marliani and Late Medieval Physics. N. Y., 1941, chap. IV.

7. D. Rîller and D. H. Roller. Op. cit., p. 51—54.

8. Cohen. Op. cit., p. 491—494, 531—543.

9. Ibid., ð. 543—546, 548—554.

10. Ô. Áýêîí. Ñî÷., ò. 2, ñòð. 117.

11. Ì. Farrand (ed.). Benjamin Franklin's Memoirs. Berkeley, Calif., 1949, p. 384—386). : Ch. Ñ. Gillispie. The Encyclopedie and the Jacobin Philosophy of Science: A Study in Ideas and Consequences. — “Critical Problems in the History of Science”, ed. Ì. Clagett. Madison, Wis., 1959, p. 255—289; The Formation of Lamarck's Evolutionary Theory. — “Archives internationales d'histoire des sciences”, XXXVII, 1956, p. 323—338.

12. D. Roller and D. H. D. Roller. Op. cit., p 66—81; W. C. Walker. The Detection and Estimation of Electric Charges in the Eighteenth Century. — “Annals of Science”, I, 1936, p. 66—100; E. Hoppe. Geschichte der Elektrizitat. Leipzig, 1884, Part. I, chaps. III—IV.

Ê ãë. 3 Ñì.: http://n-d.by.ru/read/kun/03.html

1. Â. Barber. Resistance by Scientists to Scientific Discovery. — “Science”, CXXXIV, 1961, p. 596—602.

2. L. I. Schiff. A Report on the NASA Conference on Experimental Tests of Theories of Relativity. — “Physics Today”, XIV, 1961, p. 42—48.

3. A. Wîlf. A History of Science, Technology, and Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century. 2d ed. London, 1952, p. 103—105.

N. R. Hanson. Patterns of Discovery. Cambridge, 1958, p. 100—102, 207—208.

M. L. Foucault. Methode generale pour mesurer la vitesse de la lumiere dans l'air et les milieux transparants. Vitesses relatives de la lumiere dans l'air et dans l'eau... — “Comptes rendus... de l'Academie des sciences”, XXX, 1850. p 551—560; C. L. Cowan, Jr., et al. Detection of the Free Neutrino: A Confirmation. — “Science”, CXXIV, 1956, p. 103—104.

4. “Gravitation Constant and Mean Density of the Earth”. — “Encyclopaedia Britannica”, 11th ed. Cambridge, 1910—1911, XII, p. 385—389.

5. “The Physical Treatises of Pascal”. New York, 1937, ñ ââåäåíèåì è ïðèìå÷àíèÿìè Ô. Áàððè.

6. D. Roller and D. H. D. Roller. The Development of the Concept of Electric Charge: Electricity from the Greeks to Coulomb. (“Harward Case Histories in Experimental Science”, Case 8, Cambridge, Mass., 1954), p. 66—80.

7. T. S. Kuhn. The Function of Measurement in Modern Physical Science. — “Isis”, LII, 1961, p. 161—193.

8. Ò S. Kuhn. The Caloric Theory of Adiabatic Compression. — “Isis”, XLIX, 1958, p. 132—140.

9. C. Truesdell. A. Program toward Rediscovering the Rational Mechanics of the Age of Reason. — “Archive for History of the Exact Sciences”, I, 1960, p. 3—36; Reactions of Late Baroque Mechanics to Success, Conjecture, Error, and Failure in Newton's “Principia”. — “Texas Quarterly”, X, 1967, p. 281—297; T. L. Hankins. The Reception of Newton's Second Law of Motion in the Eighteenth Century. — “Archives internationales d'histoire des sciences”, XX, 1967, p. 42—65.

10. Wolf. Op. cit., p. 75—81, 96—101; W. Whewell. History of the Inductive Sciences, rev. ed. London, 1847, II, p. 213—271.

11. R. Dugas. Histoire de la mecanique. Neuchatel, 1950, Books IV—V.

Ê ãë. 4 Ñì.: http://n-d.by.ru/read/kun/04.html

1. L. S. Kubie. Some Unsolved Problems of the Scientific Career. — “American Scientist”, XLI, 1953, p. 596—613; XLII, 1954, p. 104—112.

2. “Les prix Nobel en 1937”, Stockholm, 1938, p. 4.

3. W. Whewell. History of the Inductive Sciences, rev. ed. London, 1847, II, p. 101—105; 220—222.

4. Íåò ëèò.ññûëêè

5. I. Â. Cohen. Franklin and Newton: An Inquiry into Speculative Newtonian Experimental Science and Franklin's Work in Electricity as an Example Thereof. Philadelphia. 1956, chap. VII, îñîáåííî íà ñòð. 255—257, 275—277.

6. Íåò ëèò.ññûëêè.

7. H. Metzger. Les doctrines chimiques en France du debut du XVIIe siecle a la fin du XVIIIe siecle. Paris, 1923, p. 359—361; Marie Boas. Robert Boyle and Seventeenth-Century Chemistry. Cambridge, 1958, p. 112—115.

8. L. Konigsberger. Hermann von Helmholtz. Oxford, 1906, p. 65—66.

9. J. E. Meinhard. Chromatography: A Perspective. — “Science”, CX, 1949, p. 387—392.

10. M. Boas. Establishment of the Mechanical Philosophy. — “Osiris”, X, 1952, p. 412—541. Î åãî âëèÿíèè íà õèìèþ Áîéëÿ ñì.: Ò. S. Kuhn. Robert Boyle and Structural Chemistry in the Seventeenth Century. — “Isis”, XLIII, 1952, p. 12—36.

Ê ãë. 5 Ñì.: http://n-d.by.ru/read/kun/05.html

1. M. Pîlanói. Personal Knowledge. Chicago, 1958, îñîáåííî ãëàâû V è VI.

2. L. Wittgenstein. Philosophical Investigations. N. Y., 1953, p. 31—36.

3. H. Metzger. Les doctrines chimiques en France du debut du XVIIe a la fin du XVIIIe siecle. Paris, 1923, p. 24—27, 146—149; M. Boas. Robert Boyle and Seventeenth-Century Chemistry. Cambridge, 1958, chap. II.

W. F. Cannon. The Uniformitarian-Catastrophist Debate. — “Isis”, LI, 1960, p. 38—55; Ñ. Ñ. Gillispie. Genesis and Geology. Cambridge, Mass., 1951, chaps. IV—V.

4. J. Ullmî. La crise de la physique quantique. Paris, 1950, chap. II.

5. R. Dugas. La theorie physique au sens de Boltzmann et ses prolongements modernes. Neuchatel, 1959, p. 158—184; 206—219.

M. Planck. Maxwell's Influence in Germany. — “James Clerk Maxwell: A Commemoration Volume, 1831—1931”, Cambridge, 1931, p. 45—65, îñîáåííî ñòð. 58—63; S. P. Thompson. The Life of William Thomson Baron Kelvin of Largs. London, 1910, II, p. 1021—1027.

6. À. Koyre. A Documentary History of the Problem of Fall from Kepler to Newton. — “Transactions of the American Philosophical Society”, XLV, 1955, p. 329—395.

Ð. Brunet. L'introduction des theories de Newton en France au XVIII siecle. Paris, 1931; A. Koyre. From the Closed World tu the Infinite Universe. Baltimore, 1957, chap. XI.

7. J. Ê. Senior. The Vernacular of the Laboratory. — “Philosophy of Science”, XXV, 1958, p. 163—168.

Ê ãë. 6 Ñì.: http://n-d.by.ru/read/kun/06.html

1. À. N. Meldrum. The Eighteenth-Century Revolution in Science — the First Phase. Calcutta, 1930, chap. V.

Ì. Äîìà: M. Daumas. Lavoisier, theoricien et experimentateur. Paris, 1955, chaps. II—III.

Ò. S. Kuhn. The Historical Structure of Scientific Discovery. — “Science”, CXXXVI, June 1, 1962, p. 760—764.

2. Uno Bocklund. A Lost Letter from Scheele to Lavoisier. — “Lychnos”, 1957—1958, p 39—62.

3. J. Â. Conant. The Overthrow of the Phlogiston Theory: The Chemical Revolution of 1775—1789. — “Harward Case Histories in Experimental Science”, Case 2. Cambridge. Mass., 1950, p 23. Ýòà î÷åíü ïîëåçíàÿ áðîøþðà âîñïðîèçâîäèò ìíîãî íåîáõîäèìûõ äîêóìåíòîâ.

4. H. Metzger. La philosophie de la matiere chez Lavoisier. Paris, 1935; Daumas. Op. cit., chap. VII.

5. H. Guerlàñ. Lavoisier — the Crucial Year: The Background and Origin of His First Experiments on Combustion in 1772. Ithaca, N. Y., 1961.

6. L. W. Taylor. Physics, the Pioneer Science. Boston, 1941, p. 790—794; T. W. Ñhalmers. Historic Researches. London, 1949, p. 218—219.

7. E. Ò. Whittaker. A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, I, 2d ed. London, 1951, p. 358, n. 1.

8. S. P. Thompson. The Life of Sir William Thomson Baron Kelvin of Largs London, 1910, II, p. 1125.

9. Conant. Op. cit., p. 18—20.

10. K. K. Darrow. Nuclear Fission. — “Bell System Technical Journal”, XIX, 1940, p. 267—289.

Î. Hahn and F. Strassman. Uber den Nachweis und das Verhalten der bei der Bestrahlung des Urans mittels Neutronen entstehended) Erdalkalimetalle. — “Die Naturwissenschaften”, XXVII [l 939], S. 15.

11. I. B. Cohen. Franklin and Newton: An Inquiry into Speculative Newtonian Experimental Science and Franklin's Work in Electricity as an Example Thereof. Philadelphia, 1956, p. 385—386, 400—406, 452—467, 506—507. Ïîñëåäíÿÿ ñòàäèÿ îïèñàíà Óèòòàêåðîì: Whittaker. Op. cit., p. 50—52.

12. J. S. Bruner and L. Postman. On the Perception of Incongruity: A Paradigm. — “Journal of Personality”, XVIII, 1949, p. 206—223.

13. Ibid., p. 218.

Ê ãë. 7 Ñì.: http://n-d.by.ru/read/kun/07.html

1. A. R. Hall. The Scientific Revolution, 1500—1800. London, 1954, p. 16.

2. M. Clagett. The Science of Mechanics in the Middle Ages. Madison, Wis., 1959, Parts II—III.

Ãàëèëåî Ãàëèëåé “Etudes Galileennes”. Paris, 1939

3. Ò. S. Kuhn. Newton's Optical Papers, in: “Isaac Newton's Papers and Letters in Natural Philosophy”, ed.

I. B. Cohen. Cambridge, Mass., 1958, p. 27—45.

E. T. Whittaker. A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, I, 2d ed. London, 1951, p. 94—109; W. Whewell. History of the Inductive Sciences, rev. ed. London, 1847, II, p. 396—466.

4. S. P. Thompson. Life of William Thomson Baron Kelvin of Largs. London, 1910, I, p. 266—281. Î êâàíòîâîé òåîðèè ñì.: F. Reiche. The Quantum Theory. London, 1922, chaps. I—II.

5. J. L. E. Dreóer. A History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler, 2d. ed. N. Y., 1953, chaps. XI—XII.

6. Ò. S. Kuhn. The Copernican Revolution. Cambridge. Mass., 1957, p. 135—143.

7. J. R. Partington. A Short History of Chemistry, 2d ed. London, 1951, p. 48—51, 78—85, 90—120.

8. J. R. Partington and D. McKie. Historical Studies on the Phlogiston Theory. — “Annals of Science”, II, 1937, p. 361—404, III, 1938, p. 1—58, 337—371; IV, 1939, p. 337—371.

9. H. Guerlac. Lavoisier — the Crucial Year. Ithaca, N. Y., 1961. , ñì. ñòð. 35.

10. M. Jammer. Concepts of Space: The History of Theories of Space in Physics, Cambridge, Mass., 1954, p. 114—124.

11. J. Larmor. Aether and Matter... Including a Discussion of the Influence of the Earth's Motion on Optical Phenomena. Cambridge, 1900, p. 6—20, 320—322.

12. R. Ò. Glazebrook. James Clerk Maxwell and Modern Physics, London, 1896, chap. IX. ; “A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism”, 3d. ed. Oxford. 1892, p. 470.

13. Ò. Kuhn. Op. cit., chap. VII.

14. Whittaker. Op. cit., I, p. 386—410; II (London, 1953), p. 27—40.

15. Ò. L. Heath. Aristarchus of Samos: The Ancient Copernicus. Oxford, 1913, Part II.

A. Koestler. The Sleepwalkers: A History of Man's Changing Vision of the Universe. London, 1959, p. 50.

16. Partington. Op. cit., p. 78—85.

Ê ãë. 8 Ñì.: http://n-d.by.ru/read/kun/08.html

1. N. R. Hansîn. Patterns of Discovery. Cambridge, 1958, p. 99—105.

2. T. S. Kuhn. The Essential Tension: Tradition and Innovation in Scientific Research, in: “The Third (1959) University of Utah Research Conference on the Identification of Creative Scientific Talent”, ed. Calvin W. Taylor (Salt Lake City, 1959), p. 162—177.

F. Barron. The Psychology of Imagination. — “Scientific American”, CXCIX, September 1958, p. 151—166, esp. 160.

3. W. Whewell. History of the Inductive Sciences, London, 1847, II, p. 220—221.

4. T. S. Kuhn. The Caloric Theory of Adiabatic Compression. — “Isis”, XLIV, 1958, p. 136—137.

E. T. Whittaker. A History of the Theories of Aether and Electri­city, II. London, 1953, p. 151, 179.

5. Ò. S. Kuhn. The Copernican Revolution. Cambridge, Mass., 1957, p. 138.

6. A. Einstein. Autobiographical Note, in: “Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist”, ed. P. A. Schilpp, Evanston, Ill., 1949, p. 45.

7. R. Krînig. The Turning Point, in: “Theoretical Physics in the Twentieth Century: A Memorial Volume to Wolfgang Pauli”, ed. M. Fierz and V. F. Weisskopf. N. Y., 1960, p. 25, 25—26.

8. Í. Butterfield. The Origins of Modern Science, 1300—1800. London, 1949. p 1—7.

9. Hanson. Op. cit., chap. I.

10. J. L. E. Dreyer. A History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler, 2d ed., N. Y., 1953, p. 380—393.

J. Priestley. Experiments and Observations on Different Kinds of Air. London, 1774—1775.

11. R. Dugas. La mecanique au XVIIe siecle. Neuchatel, 1954, ãë. XI.

R. Dugas. Histoire de la mecanique. Neuchatel, 1950, p. 419—443.

12. T. S. Kuhn. A Function for Thought Experiments, in: “Melanges Alexandre Koyre”, ed. R. Taton and I. B. Cohen. Hermann, Paris, 1964.

13. V. Rînñhi. Histoire de la lumiere. Paris, 1956, chap. VII. Îá îáúÿñíåíèè ýòèõ ýôôåêòîâ ñì.: J. Priestley. The History and Present State of Discoveries Relating to Vision, Light and Colours. London, 1772, p. 498—520.

14. A. Einstein. Loc. cit.

15. H. C. Lehman. Age and Achievement. Princeton, 1953

Ê ãë. 9 Ñì.: http://n-d.by.ru/read/kun/09.html

1. S. P. Thompson. Life of William Thomson Baron Kelvin of Largs. London, 1910, I, p. 266—281.

2. Ï. Ï. Âèíåð â: “Philosophy of Science”, XXV, 1958, p. 298.

3. J. Â. Conant. Overthrow of the Phlogiston Theory. Cambridge, 1950, p. 13—16; J. R. Partington. A Short History of Chemistry, 2d ed. London, 1951, p. 85—88.

H. Metzger. Newton, Stahl, Boerhaave et la doctrine chimique. Paris, 1930. Part II.

4. R. Â. Âraithwaite. Scientific Explanation. Cambridge, 1953, p. 50—87, ñòð. 76 è äð..

5. M. Boas. The Establishment of the Mechanical Philosophy. — “Osiris”, X, 1952, p. 412—541 , p. 483.

6. R. Dugas. La mecanique au XVIIe siecle, Neuchatel, 1954, p. 177—185, 284—298, 345—356.

7. I. Â. Cohen. Franklin and Newton: An Inquiry into Speculative Newtonian Experimental Science and Franklin's Work in Electricity as an Example Thereof. Philadelphia, 1956, chaps. VI—VII.

8. Ibid., chaps. VIII—IX. Î õèìèè ñì.: Metzger. Op. cit., part I.

9. E. Meyerson. Identity and Reality. New York, 1930, chap. X.

10. E. T. Whittaker. A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, II. London, 1953, p. 28—30.

11. Ñ. Ñ. Gillispie. The Edge of Objectivity: An Essay in the History of Scientific Ideas. Princeton, 1960.

Ê ãë. 10 Ñì.: http://n-d.by.ru/read/kun/10.html

1. G. M. Stratton. Vision without Inversion of the Retinal Image. — “Psychological Review”, IV, 1897, p. 341—360, 463—481.

Õ. À. Êàððîì: H. A. Carr. An Introduction to Space Perception. New York, 1935, p. 18—57.

2. A. H. Hastorf. The Influence of Suggestion on the Relationship between Stimulus Size and Perceived Distance. — “Journal of Psychology”, XXIX, 1950, p. 195—217; J. S. Bruner, L. Postman and J. Rodrigues. Expectations and the Perception of Color. — “American Journal of Psychology”, LXIV, 1951, p. 216—227.

3. N. R. Hanson. Patterns of Discovery. Cambridge, 1958, chap. I.

4. Ð. Doig. A Concise History of Astronomy. London, 1950, p. 115—116.

5. R. Wolf. Geschichte der Astronomie. Munchen, 1877, S. 513—515, 683—693.

6. J. Needham. Science and Civilization in China, III. Cambridge, 1959, p. 423—429; 434—436.

7. T. S. Kuhn. The Copernican Revolution. Cambridge, Mass., 1957, p. 206—209.

8. D. Roller and D. H. D. Roller. The Development of the Concept of Electric Charge. Cambridge, Mass., 1954, p. 21—29.

9. Ñì. îáñóæäåíèå â VII ðàçäåëå.

10. G. Galilei. Dialogues concerning Two New Sciences. Evanston. Ill., 1946, p. 80—81, 162—166.

11. Ibid., p. 91—94, 244.

12. M. Clagett. The Science of Mechanics in the Middle Ages. Madison, Wis., 1959, p. 537—538, 570.

13. J. Hadamard. Subconscient intuition, et logique dans la recherche scientifique (Conference faite au Palais de la Decouverte le 8 Decembre 1945 [Alencon, n. d.], p. 7—8). Ó òîãî æå àâòîðà: “The Psychology of Invention in the Mathematical Field”. Princeton, 1949.

14. Ò. S. Kuhn. A Function for Thought Experiments, in: “Melanges Alexandre Koyre”, ed. R. Taton and I. B. Cohen. Hermann, Paris, 1964.

15. A. Koyre. Etudes Galileennes. Paris, 1939, I, p. 46—51; è “Galileo and Plato”. — “Journal of the History of Ideas”, IV, 1943, p. 400—428.

16. Ò. S. Kuhn. A Function for Thought Experiments, in: “Melanges Alexandre Koyre”.

17. Koyre. Etudes... II, p. 7—11.

18. Clagett. Op. cit., chaps. IV, VI and IX.

19. N. Goodman. The Structure of Appearance. Cambridge, Mass., 1951, p. 4—5.

20. H. Metzger. Newton, Stahl, Boerhaave et la doctrine chimique. Paris, 1930, p. 34—68.

21. Ibid., p. 124—129, 139—148. Î Äàëüòîíå ñì.: L. K. Nash. The Atomic-Molecular Theory (“Harvard Case Histories in Experimental Science”, Case 4). Cambridge, Mass., 1950, p. 14—21.

22. J. R. Partingtîn. A Short History of Chemistry. 2d ed. London, 1951, p. 161—163.

23. A. N. Meldrum. The Development of the Atomic Theory: (1) Berthollet's Doctrine of Variable Proportions. — “Manchester Memoirs”, LIV, 1910, p. 1—16.

24. L. Ê. Nash. The Origin of Dalton's Chemical Atomic Theory. — “Isis”, XLVII, 1956, p. 101—116.

25. À. N. Meldrum. The Development of the Atomic Theory: (6) The Reception Accorded to the Theory Advocated by Dalton. — “Manchester Memoirs”, LV, 1911, p. 1—10.

26. À. N. Meldrum. Berthollet's Doctrine of Variable Proportions. — “Manchester Memoirs”, LIV, 1910, p. 8.

Ê ãë. 11 Ñì.: http://n-d.by.ru/read/kun/11.html

1. L. Ê. Nash. The Origins of Dalton's Chemical Atomic Theory. — “Isis”, XLVII, 1956, p. 101—116.

2. F. Cajori (ed.). Sir Isaac Newton's Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy and His System of the World. Berkeley, Calif., 1946, p. 21.

Ãàëèëåé: Dialogues concerning Two New Sciences, Evanston, Ill., 1946, p. 154—176.

3. Ò. S. Kuhn. Robert Boyle and Structural Chemistry in the Seventeenth Century. — “Isis”, XLIII, 1952, p. 26—29.

4. M. Boas. Robert Boyle and Seventeenth-Century Chemistry, Cambridge, 1958.

Ê ãë. 12 Ñì.: http://n-d.by.ru/read/kun/12.html

1. E. Nagel. Principles of the Theory of Probability, Vol. I, ¹ 6, of “International Encyclopedia of Unified Science”, p. 60—75.

2. K. R. Popper. The Logic of Scientific Discovery. N. Y., 1959, esp. chaps. I—IV.

3. Ð. Frank. Einstein, His Life and Times. N. Y., 1947, p. 142—146.

Ñ. Nordmann. Einstein and the Universe. N. Y., 1922, chap. IX.

4. Ò. S. Kuhn. The Copernican Revolution. Cambridge, Mass., 1957, chaps. III, IV, VII.

5. M. Jammer. Concepts of Space. Cambridge, Mass., 1954, p. 118—124.

6. I. Â. Cohen. Franklin and Newton: An Inquiry into Speculative Newtonian Experimental Science and Franklin's Work in Electricity as an Example Thereof. Philadelphia, 1956, p. 93—94.

7. ×. Äàðâèí. Ïðîèñõîæäåíèå âèäîâ. Ïåðåâîä è ââîäíàÿ ñòàòüÿ Ê. À. Òèìèðÿçåâà. Ãîñóäàðñòâåííîå èçä-âî ñåëüñêîõîçÿéñòâåííîé ëèòåðàòóðû, 1952, ñòð. 444.

8. M. Planck. Scientific Autobiography and Other Papers. N. Y., 1949, p. 33—34.

9. E. À. Burtt. The Metaphysical Foundations of Modern Physical Science, rev. ed. N. Y., 1932, p. 44—49.

10. R. Strutt, 4th Baron Rayleigh. John William Strutt, Third Baron Rayleigh [New York, 1924], p. 23.)

11. F. Reiche. The Quantum Theory. London. 1922, chaps. II, VI—IX.

12. Ò. Kuhn. Op. cit., p. 219—225.

13. E. T. Whittaker. A History of the Theories of Aether and Electricity, I, 2d ed. London, 1951, p. 108.

14. Ibid., II, 1953, p. 151—180. (Î ðàçâèòèè îáùåé òåîðèè îòíîñèòåëüíîñòè.)

Ð. A. Schilpp (ed.). Albert Einstein, Philosopher-Scientist. Evanston, Ill., 1949, p. 101.

15. J. L. E. Dreyer. A History of Astronomy from Thales to Kepler, 2d ed. N. Y., 1953.

J. R. Partington and D. McKie. Historical Studies of the Phlogiston Theory. — “Annals of Science”, IV, 1939, p. 113—149.

16. J. R. Partington. A Short History of Chemistry, 2d ed. London, 1951, p. 134. Îá îêèñè óãëåðîäà ñì.: H. Kopp. Geschichte der Chemie, III. Braunschweig, 1845, p. 294—296.

Ê ãë. 13 Ñì.: http://n-d.by.ru/read/kun/13.html

1. E. H. Gombrich. Art and Illusion: A Study in the Psychology of Pictorial Representation. N. Y., 1960, p. 11—12.

2. Ibid., p. 97; Giorgio de Santillana. The Role of Art in the Scientific Renaissance, in: “Critical Problems in the History of Science”, ed. M. Clagett, Madison, Wis., 1959, p. 33—65.

3. íåò ññûëêè

4. L. Eiseley. Darwin's Century: Evolution and the Men Who Discovered It. N. Y., 1958, chaps, II, IV—V.

5. A. H. Dupree. Asa Gray, 1810—1888. Cambridge, Mass., 1959, p. 295—306, 355—383


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